levelling up – Philip Hamlyn Williams

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Levelling Up – a layperson’s guide

September 28, 2025 — 0 Comments

West London manufacturing history

The twenties and in some cases earlier saw the establishment of the new motor and electrical industries on the periphery of London and near to the river. Investment by foreign companies became more visible. The thirties in particular witnessed strong growth in manufacturing in London and its surroundings and I explore these and related population […]

North London manufacturing history

As Inner London turned its attention more and more to finance and service industries, manufacturing moved north, much of it into the Lea Valley which, hitherto, had market gardens working hard to feed a growing population. There was also brick making to house that population. Enfield Manufacturing came to Enfield in 1809 in the form […]

Inner London manufacturing in the 19th and 20th centuries

Inner London, having been for manufacturing a place where the many made things for the few, changed as technology advanced and became home to many young industries before they moved to more spacious pastures. Stephen Inwood in his masterly A History of London makes the point that in the interwar years it was not just […]

South London manufacturing in the 19th and 20th centuries

In his book, London: A History, Francis Sheppard observes that ‘by the end of the eighteenth century, London had more steam engines than Lancashire’. London had also employed water power from the fast flowing river Wandle to mill flour and snuff and also to power the printing of calico. Southwark, Lambeth and Vauxhall Southwark and […]

East London manufacturing in the 19th and 20th centuries

Docklands The first decade of the nineteenth century saw an expansion in docks which would guarantee London’s position as the world’s trading city. The first was a West India Docks which had in addition to the docks themselves, warehouses all surrounded by a secure wall. The work was privately funded and financed by a 21 […]

South London manufacturing history

The south bank of the Thames and the rivers flowing into it, the Wandle and Neckinger, attracted industries needing ready transport for raw materials, water power and water itself. Southwark, Lambeth and Bermondsey Ceramics were made in Lambeth and also in Chelsea and Bow. Doulton & Co made rainwater goods and later fine pottery as […]

East London manufacturing history

Writing of London in the Nineteenth Century, Jerry White remarks on the large proportion of the population – some 30% – who made things, countering a common belief that London was a place of commerce with local manufacturing restricted to small and niche workshops. This was largely the result of what had gone before. London […]

Inner London manufacturing history

London does of course reach back into Roman times if not earlier. By 1700 it had a population estimated at 575,00 which grew to 900,000 a century later. It was by far the largest urban area in Britain having attracted migrants from neighbouring rural areas in search of work. In these early days inner London […]

Yeovil manufacturing history

Yeovil’s traditional industry was glove making from locally sourced hides. It was a substantial industry with the final glove factory closing only in 1989. Continuing the agricultural theme, the St Ivel brand of cheese was produced by Western Counties Creameries. Mechanisation did not pass the town by and at the end of the nineteenth century, […]

Ardeer manufacturing history

Perhaps Alfred Nobel’s greatest invention was dynamite, a combination of nitroglycerine and a soft, white, porous substance called kieselguhr. The demand for the new explosive was ‘overwhelming’ and Nobel built factories in some twelve countries. In England, the Nitroglycerine Act forbade ‘the manufacture, import, sale and transport of nitroglycerine and any substance containing it’. Nobel […]